DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct Speech adalah kalimat-kalimat yang menyatakan kata sebenarnya (kalimat langsung), dan kalimat ini selalu diikuti dengan tanda baca koma (,) dan tanda kutip.

Contoh:
He said, “I will go to jogya tonigt.”

Kalimat langsung (direct) mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu: reporting sentence dan reported sentence. Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara, sedangkan reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.

sedangkan Indirect Speech adalah kalimat-kalimat yang menyatakan kata tak sebenarnya (kalimat tak langsung). Dalam hal ini indirect speech dihubungkan dengan kata “That”.

Contoh :

He said that I will go to jogya tonigt.

Tense change
As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense :

DIRECT SPEECH                                   INDIRECT SPEECH

Present simple he said, “it is hot.”	Past simple he said it was hot
Present continous he said, “I’m learning English.”	Past continous he said she was learning english
Present prefect simple he said,”I’ve  lived for four years ago.”	Past prefect simple He said she had lived for four years ago
Present prefect continuous He said,”I’ve been teaching English for five years.”	Past prefect continuous He said he had been teaching English earlier
Past simple He said,”I taught online yesterday.”	Past prefect He said he had taught online yesterday
Past continuous he said,”I was teaching earlier.”	Past prefect continuous He said he had been teaching earlier
Past prefect He said,”the lesson had already started when he arrived.”	Past prefect NO CHANGE
Past prefect continuous She said,”I’d already been teaching for five minutes.”	Past prefect continuous NO CHANGE

Modal verb forms also sometimes change :

Direct Speech :

·         Will

·         Can

·         Must

·         Shall

·         May

Indirect speech :

·         Would

·         Could

·         Had to

·         Should

·         Might

Sumber : www.google.co.id